The Yellow Wall-Paper Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction

The Yellow Wall-Paper Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction The Yellow Wall-Paper The short story The Yellow Wall-Paper composed by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a weep for opportunity. This story is about a lady who battles for her entitlement to communicate what she feels, and battles for her option to do what she needs to do. The storyteller in this short story is a lady whose spouse adores her very much, however persecutes her to where she can't bear it any longer. This story rotates around the principle character, her abused life, and her quest for opportunity. There are numerous male impacts in this present lady's life and in spite of the fact that they may intend no damage, push her over the edge. The primary character's significant other, John, and her sibling are notable doctors. They utilize their capacity to control the primary character, maybe subliminally, to feel what they think a lady should feel. For instance, the lady tells the men she is wiped out however they accept in an unexpected way. John is a doctor, and maybe (I would not say it to a living soul, obviously, however this is dead paper and an incredible alleviation to my psyche ) maybe that is one explanation I don't recover quicker. You see he doesn't trust I am sick!(507) The men are under the feeling that what they state goes and in this manner the lady has no decision yet to follow. He knows there is no motivation to endure and that fulfills him.(508) This statement outlines that the men are in charge. On the off chance that they unequivocally think nothing isn't right, at that point nothing must be wrong. It is an inclination of smugness the men feel w! hen they are better than the lady. The principle character realizes John cherishes her, yet it is the mistreatment she feels that annoys her so. Her significant other communicates his adoration for her and yet forces his will on her. He thwarts her from having her own considerations. ?He is cautious and adoring, and barely lets me mix without exceptional direction?(507) The last not many expressions of this statement show how John didn't let her have any opportunity since he was consistently there. John goes about as though he recognizes what the fundamental character feels consistently. The fundamental character had definitely no opportunity, for her better half would let nothing happen except if he was there to oversee. A case of this treatment is the point at which she needed to escape the house and visit a few cousins, in any case, John demanded she truly would not like to go. Dear John! He cherishes me beyond a reasonable doubt, and hates to have me wiped out. I attempted to have a genuine sincere sensible talk with him a few days ago, and reveal to him how I wish he would release me and make a visit to Cousin Henry and Juli! a. In any case, he said I couldn't go, nor ready to stand it after I got there?(511) The principle character comprehends her better half loves her, yet he demands her doing what he needs her to do. John says she will not stand it after she arrived, yet how could he know this? John has definitely no clue about how his better half feels, he just forces his ways on her and anticipates that her should stand. John sees no motivation behind why his significant other ought to go so in this way he accepts she ought not. He doesn't think of her as needing to go an adequate purpose behind him to release her visit. Another case of the wretchedness the primary character feels is her powerlessness to compose uninhibitedly. The lady shrouds herself while she composes the disappointment she feels inside. Composing is this present lady's just method of communicating her feelings, the resentment, bitterness, dread, and what little joy she felt. She can't communicate these feelings genuinely out in the open so she keeps in touch with them down or, more than likely she will choke in her ineptitude to express her brain. John emphatically objects his better half's composing since he realizes he won't have the option to control this factor of her life. He says that with my innovative force and propensity for story-production, a apprehensive shortcoming like mine makes certain to prompt all way of energized likes, and that I should utilize my will furthermore, great the check

‘In what ways is “Pride and Prejudice” a Cinderella story?’ Essay

Cinderella stories, of some sort, have remained enduringly well known for a long time. There are Cinderella stories starting from each culture and each timespan up to the current day. They mirror the ‘rags to riches’ dreams of narrators from all around the globe. Be that as it may, what establishes a Cinderella story? Despite the fact that they exist in a tremendous assortment of structures, most have a fundamentally the same as essential plot. Right off the bat, there is consistently a courageous woman, whose fortunes are to be the point of convergence of the story. She is normally guiltless, kind, delicate and delightful, and consistently has hardships to endure. For instance, in the French form, whereupon the Disney enlivened film is based, Cinderella lives with her frail willed father and her ‘evil’ stepmother and stepsisters who treat her shockingly; she is compelled to go about as a hireling to them and is wearing clothes. Regularly in these accounts, there are various mystical creatures that help Cinderella here and there, and alongside Cinderella’s Fairy Godmother, empower her to go to the ball, which constantly she has been kept from going to by her pitiless family. At the ball, Cinderella and Prince Charming meet and begin to look all starry eyed at in a split second, yet Cinderella overlooks her Godmother’s cutoff time, and needs to surge off abruptly, accidentally deserting just one piece of information with regards to her actual character for hell's sake struck legend. After one last difficulty, for the most part coming about because of Cinderella’s meddling and vain stepsiblings, the Prince and his affection are re-joined together and return to the Palace to be hitched right away. Cinderella pardons her family, and they join the upbeat couple at court and all live ‘happily ever after.’ This is the most notable of the â€Å"Cinderella† plots, yet as I have stated, different renditions exist, for example, â€Å"Katie Woodencloak† and â€Å"Cindermaid†. â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, Jane Austen’s great novel, was first distributed in January 1813. It was intended to engage the chic novel-perusing open of the day, and it was a moment accomplishment for its creator, and has remained reliably so. With the pretty and affable Elizabeth Bennet wedding the rich and attractive Mr Darcy toward the finish of the book, from the start, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† appears to be a run of the mill Cinderella story. In this article, I will examine the likenesses and contrasts it has to the Cinderella story I have illustrated previously. For me, Elizabeth is the principal clear ‘Cinderella’ in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†. She is one of five Bennet sisters, smart, clever and careless with an autonomous streak in her, as we discover when she demands that she stroll to Netherfield to visit her evil sister. Elizabeth, similar to Cinderella, has a family who can make life exceptionally hard for her now and again. Her dad is adoring, yet like Cinderella’s father, is powerless willed; â€Å"Her father, mollified with chuckling at them, could never strive to control the wild happiness of his most youthful daughters.† (Chapter 37.) This quality in her father’s manner permits Lydia to steal away with Mr Wickham from Brighton. Elizabeth’s mother and sisters additionally hinder her, not by being malignant or cruel, likewise with Cinderella, yet by their impoliteness and insane conduct; â€Å"†¦and in the despondent deformities of her family a subject of yet heavier dismay. They were miserable to remedy.† (Chapter 37.) â€Å"Her mother would discuss her perspectives in the equivalent understandable tone. Elizabeth become flushed and became flushed again with disgrace and vexation.† (Chapter 18.) These ugly characteristics in her family members, just as her family’s lower economic wellbeing, demonstrate to unfavorably affect Mr Darcy’s emotions towards her, despite the fact that he concedes he cherishes her. Mr Darcy trusts Lizzy’s associations with be ‘inferior’; â€Å"He talked well, yet there were emotions other than those of the heart to be detailed†¦His feeling of her inferiority†¦of the family hindrances which judgment had consistently contradicted to tendency were harped on with warmth.† (Chapter 34.) In spite of the fact that Elizabeth doesn't endure the hardship that Cinderella does (dresses are no issue for Lizzy as they are for Cinderella), and in reality lives serenely, the Bennets live under the danger that when Mr Bennet kicks the bucket, they will lose their home Longbourn, in light of the fact that there is no male beneficiary to the home. So Cinderella’s ‘poverty’ circumstance could, hypothetically influence Elizabeth sooner or later. In this manner, it is significant for the five Bennet little girls to wed well, to guarantee the family’s future security and status. This reality separates Cinderella from Elizabeth, as she is wildly debilitated from setting off to the ball by her by her desirous stepsisters, where as Elizabeth (and her sisters) are effectively urged to search for spouses with favorable circumstances by going to moves. Cinderella unexpectedly goes gaga for Prince Charming †she had just urgently needed to go to the ball, and that's it. In any case, Elizabeth must be persuaded of the genuine integrity of Mr Darcy’s character before she will defeat her biases and aversion of him. Elizabeth’s assessment of Mr Darcy is changed by her hearing his servant at Pemberley discuss how great and kind he truly is, and furthermore when Mr Darcy sends a letter to her clarifying the false impressions about Mr Wickham and the Jane-Bingley undertaking. It is simply subsequent to understanding her genuine affections for him, and being pulled in by his enormous home, that Lizzy is set up to adore and wed Mr Darcy. Cinderella is a worker in her family, and despite the fact that Elizabeth is unquestionably not a hireling, she does help and bolster her troublesome family, alongside her sister Jane, through utilization of her knowledge and reasonableness. Obviously, the fundamental explanation Elizabeth can be contrasted with Cinderella is that she is the burdened courageous woman who weds her Prince and is taken off to his royal residence in a fantasy finishing; â€Å"‘Good charitable! Master favor me! Just think! Dear me! Mr Darcy! Who might have thought it! What's more, is it truly evident? Goodness! My best Lizzy! How rich and how extraordinary you will be!'† (Chapter 59.) Elizabeth’s family, as Cinderella’s family, likewise advantage from this upbeat closure †the Bennets frequently visit Lizzy at her new home, and Mr Darcy’s riches implies that they never need stress over losing their home or status again. Mrs Bennet is particularly excited by the match. Another Bennet sister can be effectively contrasted and Cinderella †Jane. She is the oldest girl, and like Cinderella, is extremely kind, yet in addition little na㠯⠿â ½ve; â€Å"What a stroke this was for poor Jane! Who could enthusiastically have experienced the world without accepting that so much underhandedness existed in the entire race of mankind†¦Most sincerely did she work to demonstrate the likelihood of mistake, and look to clear one, without including the other.† (Chapter 40.) She additionally weds a ‘Prince Charming’ with whom she is genuinely enamored, Mr Bingley, who has a ‘palace’ and holds a ball there from the get-go in the novel. One thing that makes Jane considerably progressively like Cinderella as I would like to think is that she experiences passionate feelings for Mr Bingley straight away, despite the fact that his intrusive sisters, Miss Bingley and Mrs Hurst, just as Mr Darcy, attempt to stop expressions of love creating between them. This helps me to remember the manner in which Cinderella was kept from taking a stab at the glass shoe by her stepsisters. In contrast to Mr Darcy, Mr Bingley has no second thoughts about Jane’s lower remaining in the public eye, and quickly permits himself to begin to look all starry eyed at her, similar to Prince Charming does with Cinderella at the ball. Additionally, it is at the Netherfield ball, held by Mr Bingley, where Jane and he first showcase an affection for one another. Despite the fact that Jane resembles Cinderella in every one of these ways, she can't be straightforwardly connected with her, as she isn't the main character in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† like Elizabeth. Mr Darcy and Mr Bingley are the two men who are generally equivalent to the Prince in Cinderella. They are both rich men with huge homes and great reproducing who wed ‘below themselves.’ Mr Darcy is a pleased and presumptuous man, who we discover later in the book, really has a sympathetic and liberal character. From the start, Mr Darcy doesn't feel it is fitting for him to wed into a lower class, however he can't contain his adoration for Elizabeth, and this affection in the long run overcomes his pride as I have point by point above. This is not normal for Prince Charming in light of the fact that in â€Å"Cinderella†, the Prince wouldn't fret when he discovers that his unidentified ‘Princess’ is actually a poor worker young lady †Cinderella’s status doesn’t matter to him by any means. Mr Bingley, then again, resembles Prince Charming in that he doesn’t care about Jane’s foundation, and adores her in any case. Mr Bingley’s character is summarized by this statement; â€Å"‘He is exactly what a youngster should be,’ said she, ‘sensible, genial, energetic; and I never observed such cheerful habits! †so much simplicity, with such flawless great breeding!’ ‘He is additionally handsome,’ answered Elizabeth, ‘which is the thing that a youngster should in like manner to be, in the event that he can. His character is in this way complete.'† (Chapter 4.) For Mr Bingley and Mr Darcy, similarly as with Prince Charming, it is all consuming, instant adoration with Jane and Elizabeth at the Meryton ball, regardless of whether Mr Darcy dare not concede his affections for quite a while. At the point when Mr Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, she turns him down, yet he stays tireless in attempting to guarantee Lizzy of his amiable attitude, and similarly as the Prince finds Cinderella, Mr Darcy proposes for a subsequent time and Lizzy acknowledge

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company Research Paper

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example From this paper it's far clean that there are new challenges within the IT branch of Ford Motor Company each year. ... â€Å"Though our work is with people, our device is with the pc.† With both of those essential additives in mind, and together with the combination of generation, Ford has end up a main developer of â€Å"green† motors. This is a clear assignment for the new millennium, in which the pressure to provide purifier gasoline and reduce dependence on foreign oil is massive. Thus, this paper will study the challenges Ford faces by way of striving to create greener products, utilising era to create a better product and show to consumers that the organization promotes the beliefs of a cleanser, healthier international. Ford Motor Company Introduction The Ford Motor Company has the second one maximum level of income of cars within the United States, with a international presence in more than 500 agencies throughout the globe. More importantly, the innovation that the company has dedicated themselves to accomplishing gives hope that dependency on fossil fuels might sooner or later be a aspect of the past. As the paper outlines that the manufacturing plants are tooled to be bendy, the automobiles that roll off of the meeting line geared towards the fuel alternative of the u . S . A . Of meant shipping, hence imparting their clients with the quality options available for gasoline economy. As the business enterprise is award winning for his or her moral policies and implementation of sustainability, the capacity for collaborative efforts closer to advancing car generation seems to be a actual possibility inside the organization. Henry Ford When Henry Ford created the Model T car, it turned into the start of a revolution in industry. The philosophies of business management that got here from his modern mind at the sociological components of his business created adjustments inside the manner wherein employees, commercial enterprise economic appro ach and the machinery of labor were incorporated.

The Goal Of The Leader - 921 Words

The Goal of the Leader The twentieth centaury was a period where different political ideologies came into existence throughout the world. The beginning of the centaury communism was occurring throughout Russia, while in the mid-twentieth centaury much of Europe was fascist and in the end of twentieth, religion played an important part of politics in Iran. The political leader who was in charge of the political movement would deem someone or an idea as the foundation of the movement, while also stating who was the enemy of the movement. Communist Russia, European Fascist and Iranian Shi’as leaders concluded the bases of their movement were the people struggling on the bottom of the socio-economic pyramid, because the movements occurred in different time periods of the twentieth centaury the enemy was not similar. Communism started in Russia, 1912 but did not become the official ruling party until 1918. V.I. Lenin was one of the founders of the Bolshevik Party in Russia and believed the Bolsheviks, o r the working class, was the core of the Russian Revolution and should be rewarded for communism occurring. Communist believed that in an ideal society everyone would be equal with no political leader or social classes. Everyone would work solely for the betterment of society and not for personal gain. Communist Russian leaders ideologies were against popular concepts of the time, which was primarily about the state, while communism was anti-state. Communist leaders believedShow MoreRelatedThe Goal Of The Leader923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Goal of the Leader The twentieth century was a period where different political ideologies came into existence throughout the world. The beginning of the century communism was occurring throughout Russia, while in the mid-twentieth century, much of Europe was fascist and in the end of the twentieth, religion played an important part of politics in Iran. 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The 31 Types of Invertebrates

Essay about Confucianism - 1154 Words

Confucianism Confucianism is an East Asian philosophy built up by a Chinese philosopher, Confucius (Kung Fu-tzu), in the 6th - 5th century BCE. It’s a philosophy based on human morals and relationships. To really understand Confucianism, how it originated and what parts of history contributed towards its development, you have to look into: who is Confucius, the history of Confucianism and what happened to Confucianism after the death of Confucius? Who is Confucius? Confucius was of noble descent in the state of Lu (modern Shantung). No records show him attending school even though Confucius was a well educated man. He had to make his own living at an early age. He started a political career at a young age, rising in the ranks, but†¦show more content†¦There was something seriously wrong with the justice and equality in this dynasty, that the philosophy of Confucius could help. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The development of Confucianism came to an all of a sudden stop during the Chin dynasty (221BCE-206BCE) where the First Emperor didn’t approve of the Confucian ideas, therefore declared that anyone who differed with the state in their ideas, were killed, and all of Confucius teachings and books were to be burnt. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the death of the Emperor, the Chin dynasty was overthrown by the Han dynasty, where Confucianism was not only re-introduced, but became the dominant school of thought among imperial officials. But not long after this happening, the new leaders were convinced that having a foot in Confucian philosophy, is leading you the right way in life. What happened after the death of Confucius? 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Read MoreIs Confucianism A Religion?1595 Words   |  7 PagesIs Confucianism A Religion? Without a doubt, Confucius is regarded as one of the greatest sages of China history. Some people even refer to him as a deity. There have even been attempts to make Confucianism into a religion. However, present day people regard Confucius as an ethical teacher rather than a man of religious faith, and they refuse to believe that Confucianism is a religion. However, in order to determine whether Confucianism is a religion, the most important Confucian text, The Analects

Truth vs. Lie Essay Example For Students

Truth vs. Lie Essay I agree with the statement honesty is the best policy. People will be able to trust people who are honest, liars will have rumors spread around about them, and its just plain easier to tell the truth. Nobody likes people who lie all the time and wont know whether to trust them or not. People get annoyed by people who lie a lot. Being honest and having a reputation of never lying makes people trust them more. People are more likely to come up to a person who tells the truth and ask them a question. They are more likely to get the right answer and not a lie. People who tell the truth are more respected and arent looked down at for being a liar. People can be trusted more when they constantly tell the truth. When they ask if they can go out and do something, they are more likely to be able to because others trust them and they dont have to worry. Liars have rumors spread around about how they lie all the time. Nobody wants to talk to them because they wont know if they are lying to them or not. They arent trusted as much as people who dont lie. Liars never get very far in life and always have a reputation of lying. Its much better to tell the truth and have friends who trust them, rather than lying and having rumors spread around making no one like them. Its actually easier to just tell the truth. There are many reasons for this. One reason is, people dont have to think of lame excuses, making it much faster. Another reason is, people who tell the truth wont get in as much trouble when someone finds out that they lied to them. The last reason why telling the truth is better is, people will trust and respect them more. I agree with the statement honesty is the best policy. Everyone that reads this should also agree with me. The points I made are very good examples of why people should tell the truth and not lie. People get more respect, trust and more liked than liars.

Accounting Chapter free essay sample

Assumptions, principles, and constraints. Assumptions, principles, and constraints. Full disclosure principle. Accounting principles–comprehensive. Accounting principles–comprehensive. Conceptual framework–general. Conceptual framework–general. Objective of financial reporting. Qualitative characteristics. Revenue and expense recognition principles. Revenue and expense recognition principles. Expense recognition principle. Expense recognition principle. Expense recognition principle. Qualitative characteristics. Expense recognition principle. The relevant criteria for assessing materiality will depend upon the circumstances and the nature of the item and will vary greatly among companies. For example, an error in current assets or current liabilities will be more important for a company with a flow of funds problem than for one with adequate working capital. The effect upon net income (or earnings per share) is the most commonly used measure of materiality. This reflects the prime importance attached to net income by investors and other users of the statements. The effects upon assets and equities are also important as are misstatements of individual accounts and subtotals included in the financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Chapter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The auditor will note the effects of misstatements on key ratios such as gross profit, the current ratio, or the debt/equity ratio and will consider such special circumstances as the effects on debt agreement covenants and the legality of dividend payments. 2-6 Copyright  © 2011 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kieso, Intermediate Accounting, 14/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) Questions Chapter 2 (Continued) There are no rigid standards or guidelines for assessing materiality. The lower bound of materiality has been variously estimated at 5% to 20% of net income, but the determination will vary based upon the individual case and might not fall within these limits. Certain items, such as a questionable loan to a company officer, may be considered material even when minor amounts are involved. In contrast a large misclassification among expense accounts may not be deemed material if there is no misstatement of net income. 6. Enhancing qualities are qualitative characteristics that are complementary to the fundamental qualitative characteristics. These characteristics distinguish more-useful information from lessuseful information. Enhancing characteristics are comparability, verifiability, timeliness, and understandability. 7. In providing information to users of financial statements, the Board relies on general-purpose financial statements. The intent of such statements is to provide the most useful information possible at minimal cost to various user groups. Underlying these objectives is the notion that users need reasonable knowledge of business and financial accounting matters to understand the information contained in financial statements. This point is important; it means that in the preparation of financial statements a level of reasonable competence can be assumed; this has an impact on the way and the extent to which information is reported. 8. Comparability facilitates comparisons between information about two different enterprises at a particular point in time.

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns By Mark Nichol Many compound nouns present a challenge when it comes to determining how to convert them from singular to plural form. The solution usually seems simple enough slap on an s but the plural appendage doesn’t automatically go at the very end. Here’s the rule about how to figure out whether to write that, for example, during your last golf game, you shot two hole-in-ones or two holes-in-one. (After all, just because you’re lying doesn’t mean you should ignore proper grammar.) The plural inflection s or its variants should be attached to the element of an open or hyphenated compound noun that changes in number. Hence, for example, â€Å"chief of staff† becomes â€Å"chiefs of staff,† not â€Å"chief of staffs† and â€Å"mother-in-law† becomes â€Å"mothers-in-law,† not â€Å"mother-in-laws.† Some terms, however, are ambiguous: Should you write â€Å"attorney generals,† or â€Å"attorneys general†? The former treatment disregards that attorney is the key element; general, in this usage, is an adjective, not a noun. (This reverse placement of adjective and noun is a legacy of the French origin of the term.) But â€Å"attorneys general† seems stilted and odd to many people, who prefer treating such compound designations like military ranks: A reference to more than one brigadier general, for example, would mention â€Å"brigadier generals,† not â€Å"brigadiers general,† even though general, recall, was originally a postnominative adjective. However, similar terms are straightforward: â€Å"Secretary-elect† becomes â€Å"secretaries-elect,† and the plural form of â€Å"heir apparent† is â€Å"heirs apparent.† Note that the rule does not refer to closed compounds, because in this type of compound, the element that changes number is invariably at the end: More than one headache involves multiple aches, not a plurality of heads (notwithstanding that reference can be made to more than one person having a headache at a time), mention of two or more copies of a handbook correctly emphasizes book, not hand, and households is likewise the correct form for describing more than one household. But there are exceptions, as in reference to more than one passerby; that’s because, unlike the examples given above, this closed compound does not consist of two nouns combined in one word. Passersby, too, observes the general rule that the changeable element receives the plural inflection. And what of compoundlike words formed from the combination of a noun and the suffix -ful? Dictionaries, responding to variable usage, list both a plural form in which the plural inflection follows the noun and a variant in which the s is appended after -ful. However, some people find the former structure awkward (handsful, teaspoonsful), while the -fuls form (handfuls, teaspoonfuls), to many, looks and sounds more logical. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Body Parts as Tools of MeasurementSit vs. Set

Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia - Research Paper Example Ventilator is a machine assembled mechanically to transmit breathable air in and out of lungs. The ventilator provides a mechanism of air exchange for patients with breathing difficulties or unable to breath. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of pneumonia that occurs after forty-eight hours when patients have received mechanical ventilation and intubated. Pneumonia is ranked second in most common nosocomial disease in the critically ill patients. More than 86% of nosocomial pneumonias are related to mechanical ventilation hence termed as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The infection has major causes believed to be Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Datta, 2013). According to the study, that was done from April 1, 2006 to January 31, 2008 at Radius Special Hospital in USA; it showed that for every twenty-three cases of VAP infection, 19 casualties were associated with 157 LTACH. The above translates to an infection rate of 14.6%, which corresponded to 1.67 cases in 1000 ventilator days. Microbial data proves that 91% of the patients who reported to the hospital had VAP infection. Patients with critically conditions which are intubated for more than 24 hours are at 6-21 times risk to develop VAP in USA. Mortality and morbidity associated with the VAP development are high, with the rates of mortality, which ranges from 20-41% (Datta, 2013). VAP increases critical care, ventilator days and hospital length of stay. There are two ways of managing VAP. One is based on semiquantitative or nonquantitative cultures and clinical criteria. The other utilizes quantitative measures of the respiratory specimens. The principal organisms responsible for the VAP infection are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae. Etiologic agents are differing according to the patient’s population in an intensive care unit, prior antimicrobial

Improving Perioperative Care through IT Research Paper

Improving Perioperative Care through IT - Research Paper Example This has also been as a result of the complex nature of surgical information systems, implementation challenges, resources to make them work as well the lack of sound practices required to automate perioperative systems yet it is believed that whatever enhancements will greatly improve care delivery process and the quality of care in the long term. Case studies: Adoption and success Recent adoption on implementation of IT through perioperative health care has been evident in two hospitals which are Basset Healthcare located in Cooperstown, New York and the University of Connecticut Health Care Center in Farmington, Connecticut. In both cases automation has been adopted and this has resulted in notable improvements in patient’s safety as well as clinical productivity and process efficiency (David Green 821). It has been reported that there have been improvements as a result of automated perioperative system at Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital which is the Basset Healthcare’ s core patient facility that yielded a 33% turnaround time improvements and a supply cost reduction of $200 per case. As for University of Connecticut Health Center there has been strong enhancement in the efficiency of anesthesia management following its implementation of surgical information system just a few years after Bassett’s adoption of the same. This is more specifically in charge capture for billing which has since shown improvement. Perioperative technology: what it entails The technology that is required for the perioperative environment must be supported from a holistic point of view. In this case each component must be integrated with a larger set of technology that will be used in or throughout the perioperative process this is inclusive of perioperative information technology and clinical facilities (Karen A. Wager 253). To facilitate this, data sharing must be enabled in this case all perioperative data and knowledge bases must share common metadata. It is al so paramount that the technology supports all clinical and administrative data for perioperative care, from the initial identification of surgical case all through surgery, recovery and ongoing outcome analysis. Database that support these processes must be modernized so as support all types of data, and equipment usage in the surgical process. Clinician’s workflow must also be enhanced to make it easier, faster and less complicated. Data entry should be facilitated at once with real time precision and facilitate sharing ubiquitously as needed (Kenneth Laudon 92). This must be made possible by high level of surgical equipment and software application interoperability throughout the entire perioperative process. Data interoperability is important so as to reduce cases of data redundancy as well as errors. The use of management information systems should facilitate automated data entry without the need for manual re-entry so as to enhance clinical acceptance and accuracy of dat a by minimizing user workloads and errors in transcription. To better illustrate how the perioperative requirements have been less addresses we have to consider the much anticipates software support computerized physician order entry (CPOE) which was created with the sole intent of making possible direct, online order entry by physicians (Paul J. St. Jacques & Minear). CPOE software is highly focused for

To investigate the resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

To investigate the resistance of a wire Essay In this experiment the factor to be investigated is the resistance of a wire in a circuit when the wires length is altered. This means that all other factors must stay the same or else this would not be a fair test. I am going to investigate how different lengths of wire affect the resistance in a circuit. I am using a voltmeter and an ammeter to measure the current in the circuit after the length of wire is changed. I am going to use five different lengths of wire and in order to make sure that this is a fair test and the results are accurate, I will repeat each experiment three times and work out the average. The results will not be completely accurate as the length of wire may not be accurate. I also may not have put the voltage on the power box exactly on the right voltage. Other factors that affect the rate of reaction are Electricity. When the electricity is increased, the readings on the voltmeter and ammeter immediately change. If by accident anyone touches the knob on the power pack, the electricity given out into the circuit changes, therefore making the experiment unfair. I will work out resistance in Ohms by using Ohms Law, which is: V=IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance) The whole experiment must be as fair as possible. I will measure out the wire correctly and keep the power pack on the same voltage, in order to keep it a fair test. I will also repeat each experiment three times to make sure it is accurate. I will then draw the graph using the averages. Prediction I predict that the longer the wire is, the more resistant it will be. I. e. If the wire is 5cm, more electricity will get through the circuit than if it were a 45cm piece, at the same voltage. This is because in a long length of wire, there is more space for the electrons to move and so the more times the free electrons will collide with other free electrons. In a short length of wire, the electrons are close together and have a lower collision rate than those in a long piece of wire. This theory is backed up by Ohms law, which Apparatus Method   Collect Apparatus as shown in diagram.   Set up apparatus as shown.   Make sure power pack is set to 3v.   Measure out 15cm of wire. Clip the crocodile clips onto each end of the measured length of wire. Turn on the power pack.   Look at readings on Ammeter and Voltmeter and write down results.   Re measure and repeat two more times before moving on to next experiment.   Work out average of each experiment and use that in the graph. Safety To keep myself and others around me safe, the following should be followed: Not do this experiment near water, as people could get electrocuted. People should not touch the wire while the experiment is taking place as it could be hot and it could burn them. Girls with long hair should tie it back as they may knock something over with their hair. Results Experiment 1 Wire (cm) Readings of Ammeter Readings of Voltmeter 1Experiment 2 Wire (cm) Readings of Ammeter Readings of Voltmeter 30cmExperiment 3 Wire (cm) Readings of Ammeter Readings of Voltmeter. 17 Experiment 5 Wire (cm) Readings of Ammeter Readings of Voltmeter 75cm 0. 23 3. 23 75cm 0. 21 3. 22 75cm 0. 22 3. 23 I have worked out the averages of each experiment with a calculator to one decimal place. Here are the averages of each experiment: Wire (cm) Averages of Ammeter readings Averages of Voltmeter readings 15cm 0. 85 2. 65 30cm 0. 49 2. 96 45cm 0. 34 3. 08 60cm 0. 26 3. 16 75cm 0. 22 3. 20 Using the averages from the experiments, I have worked out the resistance of the wire. This is shown on the graph. Wire (cm) Averages of Resistance (Ohms). Conclusions My results agree with my prediction. When the length of wire is longer, there is more space for the electrons to move through the wire, therefore there is a higher chance of them colliding with each other and creating resistance. I have also seen that, through the course of the experiments, the Ammeter readings decrease, and the voltmeter readings increase. Evaluation My experiments all went well, except the Graph shows that the results are close to perfect apart from the last experiment. I noticed that through the course of the experiments, the Voltmeter readings seem to get higher in value and the Ammeter readings seem to decrease. If I had more time, I would have done the experiments more times each for a fairer test. I would also use more accurate and new equipment, as the equipment I used has been used many times before and may not measure the resistance perfectly. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Foreshadowing in William Faulkners A Rose For Emily Essay -- A Rose Fo

In the story, A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner the chronology of the story is chopped into pieces and moved around for the reader’s viewing pleasure. William Faulkner demonstrates how giving away part of the ending before the story has begun obligates the reader to investigate the story in order to get the rest of the ending, all the while building suspense for the reader, and building the storyline. The story starts off with part of the ending, which pulls the reader into the rest of the story. Right from the start, the story pulls the reader into what’s going on by giving them the line, â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg.130) That line makes the reader think to themselves â€Å"Why would an entire town go to a funeral?† And it’s true, what makes Emily Grierson so important that the entire town would go to her funeral? Maybe she was a magic healer or something, the reader just doesn’t know. And because the reader doesn’t know, human nature comes into play and curiosity takes its toll on the reader pushing them to read more. Then, further down ...

Developing Reflective Practice Essay

This essay will focus on developing reflective practice through exploring a critical incident in the workplace. It will explore different methods of reflection and use one particular method to reflect on the critical incident (appendix 1) and explain why this individual method was chosen. It will evaluate individual career development by reviewing past practice and the skills that have been gained throughout time, for example teamwork, group roles and experience gained, which will be ways to measure how development has progressed. It will illustrate a critical understanding of assessing personal capability within the workplace. It will identify a range of personal and interpersonal skills that contribute to effective professional practice and different types of work methods and will also reflect on practice and develop action plans to meet personal goals for the future. It is important to reflect on practice to help us grow as people, find faults and work on issues to better ourselve s. Wigens (2003:1) states ‘reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences’, however Atherton (2003) cited in Johnston and Nahmad-Williams (2009:367) ‘questions whether reflection can really bring together the practical and theoretical’. Paige- Smith and Craft (2008) puts forward that it is important to reflect on how we interact with children and observe their peer interactions; this helps us to reflect on how important interactions are. After looking at Different methods of reflection, I investigated and considered a few, for example Gibbs and Kolbs. Gibbs is quite similar to De Bono’s as you are able to explore the different stages in depth, but found that Kolbs does not have a clear cut off between each phase of the cycle, therefore I found it difficult to pull the case study apart using this method. Johnston and Nahmad-Williams (2009:365) writes ‘Although Kolbs model is useful to see wh ere reflection fits into the learning cycle, it does not provide detail about what reflection is and the processes in which it is achieved’ The model of reflection that has been chosen is De Bono’s six thinking hats. This method struck to be the most interesting to myself as it can be quite a visual tool. The hats are referred to by their colour at all times as opposed to their function (De Bono 2000), the reason for this is as De Bono (2000:14) states ‘If you ask someone to give his or her emotional reaction to something, you are unlikely to get an honest answer because people think it is wrong to be emotional’.  Lindon (2012) puts forward that De Bono’s method is a parallel way of thinking, meaning that you are looking and thinking in the same direction yet the direction changes. It helps to give a more rounded viewpoint and helps see things from a different perspective. Dreyer (2012) illustrates this by imagining a house with four people around it, one facing the front, one facing the back and one at either side; All may argue that their viewpoint is the best, but until you walk around and view the house from all four angles you will not be able to have an understanding of different perspectives. Johnston and Nahmad-Williams (2009:365) state that ‘Dewey (1859-1952) was an influential figure in education and viewed reflection as a way of purposeful thinking that is systematic and raises questions and answers’. De Bono (2000) suggests that thinking is imperative in everyday life and no matter how good we think we are we should always strive to be better. De Bono’s six hat model has six aspects the first being the white hat which suggests that you first examine the data you have available, the facts and the figures, in this case Child L’s mum wants to be able to bring her child into nursery earlier than 8:00am as she has to be in work, but thinks it is too expensive to pay for the early sessions, after being told to not come in early, mum still persisted in arriving prior to 8:00am. The second aspect is the red hat which is your intuition, emotions and reaction, in this case feelings were frustration that mum did not want to pay like others, annoyed that she was ignoring me, aggravated she kept bringing child L early, infuriated at the fact that she was not communicating with staff, uncooperative as did not want to help mum and nervous to keep having to tell her repetitively. The third aspect is the black hat which is the negative points of the situation, De Bono (2000) states that this is the most valuable of all of the hats and should not be seen as a bad hat, it is only to highlight possible risks and potential problems, in this case it is unfair to parents that are paying for the early start and not fair on staff members setting the room up. The fourth aspect is the yellow hat which is the positive aspects of the situation, in this case it is good for parents to test staff members patience as it helps deal with things in future calmly and confidently, having gained knowledge and experience, also that the manager and parent were able to meet half way and come to a conclusion of a joint decision. The fifth aspect is the green hat which summarises and  concludes of events, helping to decide what has been learned and what you will take forward into future practice. In this case it has shown that parents are going to get upset at times and practitioners have to deal with it as effective as possible. In future I would try and resolve the situation myself by coming to a resolution without involving the manager if possible, this way it may have not escalated as quickly as it did. The final aspect is the blue hat which is the evaluation to put the green hat into action. In this case make sure there are parent comment boxes wher e if a parent is unhappy they are able to voice their opinion and feel listened to instead of getting worked up. If it is possible to find an alternative and affordable way to engage struggling parents for example to be able to drop their child off early maybe just five minutes. You may then imagine you were the complete opposite and ask yourself how you would now feel. By going through these different thought processes you are allowing your brain to take a journey to come to a fair conclusion. Having worked through the above reflective model it has highlighted some personal strengths and weaknesses which have been useful to reflect on professional development. Writing a timeline of career progression (appendix 2) has enabled me to look at past practice and focus on the skills gained throughout years of training. This has been a useful method of looking at personal progression. The most enjoyable experience had to be when I worked in Majorca as a children’s representative. Whilst here learnt to tone down my expressive personality, after a hurricane struck I panicked and scared the holiday makers, my manager pulled me into the office and explained that it was very unprofessional and that I needed to control my emotions. Another experience was after returning home, a family that used to attend my previous nursery had informed me of some very upsetting news. They told me that the mother of a 1 month old baby had died. The father asked if I would be interested in becoming their private nanny, after working on the other side of child care in a home environment I was able to see things from a different perspective and can relate to parents in current practice. Many times in life the opportunity have arisen for me to develop and grow as a practitioner. Since being a child my career path has been quite clear and after leaving school I began to study child care, alongside working with children. Looking back it was quite a vulnerable decision as the importance o f childcare was not as  great as now, and after working in several nurseries, learnt that it is hard work. The chance finally came for a promotion to be third in charge of a nursery, after being successful in the position I realised that it was going to be a difficult journey. The job was very rewarding, although the time spent with the children had been halved due to paperwork and other duties, and other practitioners that used to work alongside me were now taking instructions from me. Through this time I began to deal with confrontation, at first the thought was quite daunting but after lots of practice feel very comfortable to approach this. The next step in my career development was a job that I happen to stumble across. I quickly arranged an interview as the money was greater yet the responsibilities cut. The setting was not like one I have worked in, or heard of before as there were lots of deprived children and chance to delve into the social work side of things. In the past my experience has been in upper class nurseries with highly qualified parents such as Lawyers and Doctors. I quickly learned that this was going to bring me lots of experience and after working there for a year and a half I got promoted to a room leader, this is my current situation and have now been working there for four years. Every day I feel I learn something new in my job role and am one of the few people who love my job. Within my duties I attend core group meetings and case conferences, liaise with social workers and other professionals, as well as support the staff in my room with their daily duties and most importantly care for the children within my setting. The team we have is a highly qualified group of people who have all worked there for a long time and enjoy working together. Each staff member has a different personality which helps the nursery see things from different perspectives. Miller (2005) proposes that teams get together by different personalities balancing out so everybody has an input. I have a very bubbly and confident personality yet a colleague of mine is qui te the opposite. It is this balance that helps the staff and parents to feel comfortable and be able to approach individual members of the team with ease to support their personal preference. Manktelow (1995) illustrates you are able to solve different problems using numerous approaches such as ambition, sensitivity, creativity etc. As staff we are able to approach difficulties within our working hours and overcome them giving each other great support. Like Lindon (2012) we work effectively as a team even though there is a hierarchy  everyone is allowed to have their own opinion and are listened to which helps everybody feel positive. All members of the team enjoy attending regular training courses to make sure we are up to date with current practice and procedures. Miller (2005) puts forward that it is important for practitioners to take a critical look at theory and practice when working with children. Regular staff meetings are held and staff appraisals. It is important to be able to give and receive constructive criticism. I recently have started to give the 4 practitioners underneath me appraisals. I find it to be quite difficult to explain that they need to work o n different parts of their practice. This is an area that I need to work on. The praise sandwich is a tactic that my manager explained to me, when you have something negative that you need to discuss with a member of the team, you should start and end by saying something positive. This helps the person to realise that they are acknowledged for the good practice as well as the bad. She also told me to be more of a ‘Swan’ which was explained to me like this. A swan is a beautiful creature who is relaxed above water, however below the water her feet are going very fast. My manager explained for me to stay calm on the outside in situations even if underneath I am struggling. After researching more about this found a good self reflection tool called SWAN. Jagusiak (2013) writes that it stands for Strength, Weakness, Ambition and Need. She explains that it involves witnessing and examining one’s own practice, although you are watching someone else, this will help to analyse and critique any weaknesses. I am proud to be part of the team and feel that we are at the performing stage in our career. Tuckman (1965) cited by Smith (2005) argues that when groups of people come together they go through four separate stages as they meet and establish. These phases are called forming, storming, norming and performing. Forming is when the people in the group are meeting and accepting each other, they tend to test boundaries and figure interpersonal behaviours out. Storming is when they are a bit more comfortable and are able to speak out, question and criti cize one another, they feel more comfortable to form conflict. Norming is when the group is established, they have overcome resistance and able to express personal opinions. Performing is the fourth stage where a team work well together, almost complement each other and help one another, roles are well established and performance is high. This is where my team are at the moment. Tuckman later in 1977 proposed an update and added a fifth phase adjourning. This is the stage where tasks are complete, people go their separate ways and group members can disengage. This can be due to retirement or the setting closes. After conducting some individual experiments to see how I work and how I fit into my team, I found that an auditory learning style suits best as the spoken word seems to digest better personally. The Belbin Team Inventory test showed that the implementer stuck out from the rest. I find this to be true as am a very positive person and am motivated and self disciplined. My favourite questionnaire had to be the Honey and Mumford’s learning style. After completing this it was found to be quite evenly distributed between all of the aspects, which are the activist, the theorist, the pragmatist and the reflector. My scores were slightly higher in reflector and pragmatist. I am in agreement with this as am very enthusiastic about trying new things out in practice, yet able to stand back and view the whole picture before jumping in head first. Lindon (2012) writes once we have highlighted our preferred learning style using many questionnaires there are a number of ways to put these into practice. Completing these self-reflection tests has enabled me to understand more about the person that I am, how I work and what I need to strive to achieve in the near future. Taking this into consideration I have planned for some future development. I thought it would be useful to look at the early year’s standards and aim to develop some aspects of these. With this in mind I have chosen 2.5 Develop and sustain respectful relationships with children and their families. I have chosen this one linking back to my critical incident. It is important to sustain respectful relationships with parents as you have to work in partnership with them on a daily basis. Through these professional relationships comes trust allowing us to fulfil our parents as partner’s ethos. The second aspect I would like to develop is 7.2 take a lead in establishing and sustaining a culture of cooperative working between colleagues and wider professionals. I have chosen this one due to the fact I actively engage with outside agencies and other professionals on a daily basis and would like to make sure that I am continuing this cooperative behaviour. In conclusion I feel that I am a very reflective person. I enjoy receiving constructive criticism, as I like to have goals to work towards and always strive to better myself. I have enjoyed completing this essay as it has highlighted many things about myself I had forgotten along the way, such as how I used to behave and react to problems. By illustrating this it has stated the fact that without knowing I have been learning and developing from the start. I have discovered ways for me and my team to find out more about how we work as practitioners and ways to overcome certain situations like my critical incident. I am proud of my personal achievement and would encourage anyone to work with children as it is a very rewarding path in life. Dreyer, L Arts Forward, Munch Club #1: Edward deBono’s Six Thinking Hats Sep 10th 2012; http://artsfwd.org/munch-club-1-edward-debonos-six-thinking-hats/ On-Line-UK [Accessed 20.11.13] De Bono, E (2000) Six Thinking Hats, Penguin Books; Great Britain Jagusiak, C (2013)SWAN technique; http://www.satyaliveyoga.com.au/2013/04/16/swan-technique/ On-Line-UK[Accessed 10.12.13] Johnston, J and Nahmad- Williams (2009) Early Childhood Studies, Pearson Education Ltd; England Lindon, J (2012) Reflective Practice and Early Years Professionalism, 2nd edition, Bookpoint LTD; Oxon Manktelow, J (1995) Mind Tools Essential Skills for an excellent career, Mind Tools, UK; Blackwell Miller, L (2005) Developing Early Years Practice, Oxon; David Fulton Publishers Paige-Smith, A and Craft, A (2008) Developing Reflective Practice in the Early Years, Berkshire; Open University Press Reed, M and Natalie, C (2010) Reflective Practice in the Early Years, SAGE Publications LTD; London Smith, M. K. (2005). ‘Bruce W. Tuckman – forming, storming, norming and performing in groups, the encyclopedia of informal education. [http://infed.org/mobi/bruce-w-tuckman-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-in-groups/. Accessed: [02.12.13]. Wigens, L (2003) Beginning Reflective Practice, Cheltenham; Nelson thornes Ltd

Analysis Of 12 Angry Men By Sidney Lumet - 1868 Words

Director Sidney Lumet’s eminent film 12 Angry Men offers an inside perspective on the strengths and weaknesses of the American judicial system. This magnificently written and intensely effective courtroom film surrounds the case of a fictitious, teen â€Å"criminal† who faces the death penalty. The case explains the moral predicament of choosing between bigotry and prudence. Lumet captivates his audience by the way he is able to produce suspense, without ever unveiling the crime completely. Moreover, he uses elements of literary design to create phenomenal characters and an eerie setting, through dialogue and an unconventional structure. Furthermore, Sidney Lumet’s 12 Angry Men discusses the issues of prejudice obstructing truth, while the conflicting relationships between the characters progress due to the unpleasantly close setting of the jury room. An integral part of every motion picture is characterization. Because of the simplicity of the movie, 12 Angry Me n depends heavily on its use of characters and their personalities than most other films, due to the absence of special effects and the limitation of only two sets. Likewise, the dialogue is essential to the movie and to the characterization, considering that each member uses different styles and vernacular. In the early scenes of the film, the introduction of essential characters is simultaneous. Nevertheless, as the story develops, tension becomes copious. The immediate evidence in the film leads everyone, includingShow MoreRelatedEssay 12 Angry Men Analysis931 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men Analysis 12 Angry Men is a movie, directed by Sidney Lumet, about twelve jurors who are deliberating a murder trial. An 18 year old has been accused of murdering his father and the jury has retired to determine his fate. The jury performs a preliminary vote and the results came out to be eleven for guilty and one, the architect played by Henry Fonda, for not-guilty. The rest of the jury then begins to persuade the architect that the accused is actually guilty. Each member ofRead MoreUse of Persuasive Argument in 12 Angry Men Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† examines the dynamics at play in a United States jury room in the 1950’s. It revolves around the opinions and mindsets of twelve diverse characters that are tasked with pronouncing the guilt or innocence of a young man accused of patricide. The extraordinary element is that their finding will determine his life or death. This play was made into a movie in 1957, produced by Henry Fonda who played the lead role, Juror #8, and Reginald Rose who wrote the original screenplayRead More12 Angry Men - Analysis3445 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction 12 Angry Men (1957) is one of the most acclaimed feature films of all time. It was produced at a time when the United States was just twelve years out of World War II and â€Å"Leave It To Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† broadcast across television airwaves the perfection, conformity and affluence of American life that had been generated by the Great War. Additionally, this film was listed on the university syllabus as one of three films to see in regard to this course, Management 610 – ContextsRead MoreFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men1479 Words   |  6 Pages12 Angry Men (1957) focuses on a group of unnamed jurymen who must come to a unanimous decision regarding the guilt or innocence of an 18-year-old charged with murdering his father. While the trial is not depicted in the film, the jury deliberations are the central focus and examine several aspects of organization change and the obstacles that must be overcome in order to come to a unanimous agreement over the guilt or innocence of the accused. 12 Angry Men (1957) is a good example of the differentRead More12 Angry Men: an Illustration of Concepts of Organisational Behaviour2175 Words   |  9 Pages12 Angry Men: An Illustration of Concepts of Organisational Behaviour Introduction In 1957 Sidney Lumet’s 12 Angry Men was published (Lumet, 1957). Now, 55 years later, the movie’s teachings still hold most of their truths. The events shown in the movie can be scientifically explained using concepts of organisational behaviour. Although some of these concepts did not even exist by the time the movie was made, the movie still is an excellent case to study and illustrate them. The reason for thisRead More12 Angry Men925 Words   |  4 Pages----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Group Assignment Assignment Brief Task A Using relevant strategic management concepts, conduct an analysis of the film: â€Å"12 Angry Men† ( Dir. Sidney Lumet. Orion-Nova, 1957. Film) and discuss the implications of your findings for decision making in a business organisation. (Max: 1000 words or 5 slides) Task B The Board of Directors of a medium-sized company of

Andrea Di Pietro Della Gondola - 1442 Words

The Renaissance produced one of the most influential figures with great skill and craftsmanship. Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola known as Andrea Palladio born in November 8, 1508 in Padua was one of the most influential figures of the Renaissance architecture. At age thirteen Palladio was a stone cutter and then moved nearby Venice. During his training in the Northern Italy in Vicenza in 1524, Palladio was trained as a stonemason and later on his patron, Giangiorgio Trissino, granted Palladio an opportunity to study the Ancient architecture in Rome where he was influenced by the Roman and Greek architecture. After his returned Venice and his connection between people he was name Proto della Serenissima means the Chef architect of the Republic of Venice and around 1541 Palladio began to developed his own style which became a success in the America. Since his returned from his study in Rome, Palladio had been throughout the city of Vicenza where he almost completely restore and reconstructed the Vicenza’s city. In 1554, Palladio published a guidebook Le antichita di Roma. During his time in Venice, Palladio began his first architecture in 1560 of the Monastery of S. Giorgio Maggiore and completed in 1562 where he continued his work and reconstructed the Church of S. Giorgio Maggiopre in 1607 and completed in 1610. With the big influence of the Roman and Greek architecture and his connection, Palladio became well known and began his architecture in 1541, called The PalladianShow MoreRelatedAndre The Last Of The Great Humanist Architects1351 Words   |  6 Pagesmost important of all, Andrea Palladio. Widely regarded as the most influential and famous architect in the Western world, Andrea Palladio was â€Å"the last of the great Humanist architects† (Trachtenburg, 2002, p. 311). Since it is impossible to encompass all of Palladio’s accomplishments in one single essay, this paper will aim to give a detailed overview of Andrea’s early life, influences, greatest works, and his Palladian following. Originally born Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola in Padua, Italy, Palladio

The Varying Notions of Authority and Challenging Authority

Leadership Notions The essays that comprise Traditional Classics on Leadership present varying notions of authority and of challenging authority. This is largely due to the fact that this manuscript is comprised of essays from 31 contributors, ranging from well-known political theorists to some of the more salient voices for individuality that the world has known. Still, there are some points of commonalities in these essays that present a synthesized viewpoint of the concept of challenging authority. First of all, challenging authority is a fairly natural process of life. Authors such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and even Virginia Woolf attest to the fact that human kind is governed by an inherent sense of fierce individuality, which can come into conflict with external factors that are not in accord with it. This point is demonstrated very well in the writings of Hobbes, which were taken from his Leviathan. Hobbes believed that unless there are rules, or social contracts expressly laid out in some form o ther than just words, it essentially is acceptable for men to pursue whatever wish that they have, whether it conflicts with that of another or not. The author labeled this dearth of a social contract as a state of war in which there essentially is no right or wrong. However, Hobbes believed that the only way such a social contract can be suitably enforced is through the means of force. Such force of course, frequently takes the form of violence or some otherShow MoreRelatedIntimacy And Culture And Intimacy1539 Words   |  7 Pagesattitude toward authority. Kahn and Kram (1994) describe three positions people may hold regarding others’ leadership and their related attachment styles. Those whose attachment style is dependent/anxious resistant promote authority above all other aspects in a group, minimizing the value of even their own opinions. 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The (MPS) is riddled with varying approaches to leadership; it can be suggested that the ability to switch between these approaches demonstrates sound leadership. Within our (MPS) once we were divided into groups, without nomination a leader arose; he immediately led the task by delegating

Achieve Effective Overall Corporate Strategies

Question: Do organizations need to concentrate on distinguishing leadership from management to Achieve Effective Overall Corporate Strategies?" To determine which leadership style or management style is beneficial for organization to achieve corporate strategies. To access the perception held about different styles of leadership. It will particularly investigate gender based differentiation of leadership. Answer: Introduction Management is a process that keeps the company running. It is mainly about planning; making budget; analysing the performance and making decision to certain issues faced by the organization. However, leadership is different as it aims to align people towards the vision through communication; motivation and inspiration. Leadership can be distinguished from management in many ways. Managers have a position of authority and its subordinates do according to the instruction of the managers (Bolman and Deal 2014). The focus of the management is mainly on the work, i.e. to get things done on time and with specific budget. They are mostly risk averse to avoid possible conflict (Schoenly 2012). Leaders do not have authoritarian control. They have followers and leaders do not instruct, the activity of following is voluntary. The focus of the leadership is on the people. Their personality influences the people and they create loyalty for themselves. They maintain a degree of separation and stay aloof from people (Mujtaba 2013). Unlike managers, the leaders are risk-seeking. It can be questioned that since the roles are just opposite in these two cases, an organization might distinguish them in order to achieve overall corporate strategies. An organization run effectively when it balances between management and leadership. However, in spite of being distinct concepts, there is an overlap between the skills required by a manager and leader. They must go on hand in hand. It is believed that separating these two will create more problem for the organization. In the past, workers of the industrial factory used to do whatever they were asked to do and emphasizes on their job and efficiency (Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik 2013). However, in the current and modern business practices, leadership and management cannot be separated. This is because, managers not only allocate task but also define the purpose of the task. Moreover, they not only increase the efficiency of the employee but also emphasises on their skills and inspired result. The leadership is a continuous process. Through leadership change takes place in an organization (Aaker 2012). It can take place at every hierarchical level of any department. It has been found that leadership has major impact on the long term business performance. It is evident that, management and leadership is hard to distinguish. This is because; the managers of the high performing companies build leadership development program in order to support and train people who are capable of driving the business of the company (DuBrin 2015). They execute the leadership development. High performing firms believe that CEO alone cannot be the leader alone; leadership should be executed at each level of the firm. Therefore, even if the approaches of these two phenomenon is opposite, the direction is same. Leadership needs to be collaborative between and within the company, which requires further involvement of the management (Balmer, Brexendorf and Kernstock 2013). The managers are responsible for promoting the culture of leadership into a company. Within the management team also, innovation and creativity are necessary. Moreover, the leadership helps to improve th e employee morale, which enables the managers to function properly and execute their plan. Hence, managers need to have people with excellent leadership style to make their strategy work properly (Giacaloneand Rosenfeld 2013). The rationale of the research is to find out whether it is necessary to focus on leadership separately from management in order to achieve overall corporate strategy. With growing importance of leadership behind the success of an organization, it is often opined by the scholars that there should be separate leadership within the organization to run the organization effectively and efficiently (Schaubroeck 2012). The research also focuses on different leadership style and gender-based discrimination of leadership. The purpose of this research is to answer the research questions that are formulated based on the research objectives. Research Objectives: To determine which leadership style or management style is beneficial for organization to achieve corporate strategies. To access the perception held about different styles of leadership. It will particularly investigate gender based differentiation of leadership. To understand the preferred leadership style of the leaders and the preferred way employees want to be led. Research Questions: Which leadership style is beneficial for the organization in achieving corporate strategies? Which leadership style is most preferred by the employees? What is the perception held about the different style of leadership to the leaders of organizations? How do the leadership style vary across the leaders? Overview of the Chapters: The following sections consist of review of the literature; research methodology; data analysis and the conclusion and recommendations. In Chapter 2, the theory of the leadership will be discussed. It will explain the different types of leadership and its qualities to make a business efficient. The differences between the management andleadership will also be reviewed in this section. This section will also discuss the gender based discrimination in leadership. The findings and outcome of different researches helps to refine the research questions and objective of this project. Based on the literature review, the direction of the research will be formulated. In Chapter 3, the methodology of this research work will describe. The method of data collection and types of data will be evaluated in this section. The approach; design; philosophy of the research will be analysed in this section in order to achieve the research objectives. Chapter 4 is the crucial part of the project, as this directly aims at answering the research questions. The collected information or data will be analysed to get an outcome that verifies whether leadership should be separated from the management to achieve effectivecorporate strategies. The data will be collected with the help of questionnaire. In Chapter 5, the research will draw a conclusion based on the findings in the data analysis section. Moreover, in this section the it will be verified whether the findings of the research work are similar with that of the reviewed literature. This section will also emphasize on proposing recommendations regarding the requirement of distinguishing leadership from the management of an organization. Chapter 2: Literature Review Introduction This section of the assignment will concentrate on the different leadership styles and difference between management and leadership. It is essential for the organizations to develop leadership styles in order to achieve overall effective corporate strategies. Defining the role of leadership and management is essential for the research. Leaders are the ones that possess qualities to lead the team. Leaders are entitled with great set of responsibilities. They have the responsibility of managing the entire the team and work group in an organization. There are very few factors that differentiate management from leadership (Bowerman and Van Wart 2014). There are certain leadership traits that the managers should have in order to effectively run the business. These include managing the staff efficiently, power to strategize the business and direct people to work better. Its not only essential for the managers to have leadership traits but every member of the corporate firm should have uniq ue leadership style to run the corporate system efficiently (Northouse 2015). There are various leadership theories such as behavioral theories, situational leadership, transactional leadership and transformational leadership that are used in various organizations. Inefficient leaders can ruin and hamper the organization in negative way. Leadership qualities, styles, difference between management and leadership and the leadership theories that are used in organizations are discussed in this part of the research. It is essential to understand that whether leadership plays important role in organization or not (Chhokaret al. 2013). Leadership Leadership is a quality to lead the entire team in an organization towards achievement of goals and objectives. A leader is the one who creates a vision for future, motivates employees to work better and build a team for efficient business. The leadership traits and theories are based on values, power, vision, behaviour, situational interaction and function behaviour. Leadership styles and qualities vary for different organizations and people but all the leaders have one thing in common that is the ability to inspire and motivate employees to work hard and better. There are various qualities that the leaders should possess in order to run the business efficiently (Beck and Cowan 2014). Some people are born as leaders while some need training and grooming to enhance the leadership skills of individuals. It is the duty of leaders to take an entire responsibility of the team. It is a position of power that is held by an individual to motivate workers to achieve goals set by the organiza tion. A leader is distinguishable from other individuals in the form of power, knowledge, charisma, formal authority and personality characteristic. Personality characteristics include communication skills, skills to dominate, motivational skills and power to make decisions. Leadership plays an important role in an organization. These include effective direction, motivation, confidence, encouraging team spirit and encouraging initiative for the followers. Leadership style and management style differs in organizations (Bryman 2013). Leadership qualities for efficient business There are several qualities that an individual should possess to become a leader and run an efficient business. The qualities that make a great leader are as follows: Focus and vision- A leader should have a clear focus on the plan and set a future goal so that it can set a path to achieve it. A leader is the one who one who makes unpopular decisions. Leaders should be less distracted than the competition. Setting a clear vision for oneself is also important. This is the quality that separates leaders from managers (Ahmed and Bach 2014). Courage- leaders are the ones who have courage to take risks to achieve goals with no assurance of success. A leader is the one who is ready to take risk in his business. For this a leader should have courage to accomplish its goals. Integrity- a leader should be honest and truthful in its work. Honesty is the key to success. It also helps in building trust (Bryant and Kazan 2013). Confidence- a leaser should have confidence in whatever it does. It should have a confidence to set a clear vision and take up challenges that comes in their path. Cooperation- leaders are the ones that set a team and work with them. Hence, it is the responsibility of the leaders to cooperate with its team members and work for better future. Gaining cooperation with others is essential to get commitment. A cooperative team is a successful team (Bryant and Kazan 2013). Inspiration- inspiring and motivating others to work hard and achieve goal is important. A leader should be able to inspire it employees and keep them motivated to work hard so that they are able to accomplish the goals. Patience- patience is the most important tool that a leader should have. The direction of achievement of goals is tough and is not always easy to achieve. Hence the leaders should be patient in its course of work (Wang et al. 2013). Communication- Communication is one of the most effective tools for effective business. A leader should have good communication skill. It should be clear in its communication with its team mates and others. Expressing the ideas and strategies is essential quality of a leader (Ahmed and Bach 2014). Communication is a balancing act. Working with team in collaboration is essential. Expressing thoughts and ideas is essential for an effective business. Leadership styles Leadership styles are a style that a leader adopts to provide direction, implement plans, motivate people and accomplish its goals. There are various leadership styles suggested by various authors. The leadership styles that are most effective are as follows: Authoritarian- authoritarian leadership style is used to distinguish between leaders and its team members. An authoritarian leader maintains only a professional relationship with its followers. An authoritarian leader believes in direct supervision and maintaining efficiency. Example of authoritarian leader is a teacher guiding and ordering the student to do a particular work. The authoritarian traits are setting the goal individually, use of one way and downward communication in its leadership style, control the interaction with its followers and dominate its employees (Menget al. 2012). Authoritarian type of leadership style is only successful in organizations that have a professional working where all the employees work and there is not much interaction. Authoritarian type of leadership often leads to conflict when dealing with disagreement. Paternalistic- a paternalistic leader is the one that take care of its subordinates as a parent. The leader shows concern for his employees in return he gets trust, loyalty and commitment. The main disadvantage of this type of leadership style is of favouritism where the leaders start to play favourites decision. Leaders adopt the workers that are loyal and favour them in comparison to the ones that are less loyal. Paternalistic leadership style is not favourable in todays organization due to the professional behaviour and decorum that the organizations hold (Mller et al. 2012). The other reason for disfavouring paternalistic style of leadership is increase in number of layoffs and stronger unionization. The advantage of following paternalistic leadership style is that the leaders have better organizational skills. They have the power to encourage and motivate the employees to work better. The employees know that they have something stored at the end of the tunnel due to which they c oncentrate on working hard for the organization and accomplishing its goals (Siewioreket al. 2012). Democratic- democratic leadership style is the one where the leaders the power of decision making with its subordinates. The implication is to allow the involvement of employees in its organizational working. Though the democratic leadership styles involve subordinates in decision making still a specific leader is essential for guidance and control. It is the responsibility of the leader to decide which member in the group should be given a particular responsibility. Research shows that the democratic leadership style is the most effective leadership style as it contributes to higher productivity and increased group morale (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Better idea is generated and shared because this type of leadership style encourages involvement of members in decision making. The disadvantages of this type of leadership style are communication failure and incomplete projects where the situations are unclear. It is also a time consuming technique as it involves large group of people in decision making (Vaccaro et al. 2012). Laissez-faire- it is that type of leadership style where all the power is given to its workers. It is a self-rule where the workers have complete decision making at the same time providing guidance and support on request. This type of leadership style is only effective if the follower is highly skilled and educated and has a great pride in their work. The followers should also be trustworthy and experienced. It is essential to provide a feedback to leaders on a regular basis (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). Transactional - transactional leadership style is a style where the leaders motivate the followers to work hard. The motivational tools that are mainly used are system of rewards and punishment so that the followers are able to accomplish the goals set by the organization. There are two types of system that forms the basis of transactional leadership style that are contingent reward and management by exception. Contingent reward is system where the members are provided rewards for effort and good performance. Management by exception is a process where the management interferes with the members only if the followers are not performing well. Transactional leadership is guided with emotions (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). It is negative when emotions are high and positive when emotion is low. It is a form of strategic leadership that is essential for innovation. Transformational- the main aim of the transformational leadership is to change or transform the needs of the organizations or members. Transformational leadership is challenging in nature that requires creating a clear vision (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Difference between leadership and management Leaders and managers have differences in them that is essential for corporate efficiency. Leadership and management should go hand in hand. Management and leadership are complementary in nature and linked to each other. Leaders and managers have different roles and responsibilities. The main responsibility of the leaders is to set clear vision and focus for its work while the responsibility of the managers is to manage employees and resources in an efficient way (Choudharyet al. 2013). Leaders have people following them while managers have people who work for them. The main leadership styles of leaders are transformational, consultative and participative in nature while the leadership style of managers is authoritative, transactional, autocratic and democratic in nature (Kodattet al. 2014). The responsibility of the manager is to administer the services while the responsibility of the leader is to innovate. The work of the leader is original while the work of a manager is a copy. Leaders create change while the managers react to these changes. The ideas that the mangers have generated are implemented by the leaders. The main focus of leaders is on people while the main focus of manager is on system and administration (Van Dierendoncket al. 2014). The responsibility of the management is to communicate while the leaders persuade.Leaders create teams and manager directs groups. Managers are risk averse in nature while the leaders are risk takers. Managers often are do minant in nature and exercise power over people while leaders work with people and develop power with them (Kodattet al. 2014). The actual work is done by leaders while the credit is taken by manager. The focus of the leader is to manage people while the focus of the manager is to manage work. The horizon of the leaders is for a long term perspective and the horizon the manager is short term in nature (Snaebjornsson and Edvardsson 2013). Managers are the ones who put blames on subordinates for underperformance, while the leaders are the one who takes the blame on themselves and vows to achieve target. The main outcome of the leaders is achievement and the outcome of managers is results. The personality styles of the leaders are brilliant with great charisma. They are comfortable taking risks and effective decisions. The personality style of managers is rational in nature and they are the problem solvers (Du et al. 2013). The main focus of the managers is on the goals of the organiza tion and uses the available resources effectively and efficiently. Gender and Leadership Leadership style of female and male re different in nature. Some authors view that the leadership style between men and women are same while some say that its opposite. The main difference between the leadership styles of men and women are that males adopt transactional leadership style while women adopt transformational leadership style. Women do not prefer hierarchical form of organization structure (Merchant 2012). Glass ceiling is a widely used concept to define the gender based leadership style. Women are usually not preferred in a higher position due to lack of human capital and gender discrimination. The reasons for low rate of women in higher position are high amount of domestic responsibility, less work experience, and different leadership styles and informal roles that women hold. The glass ceiling is changing with the advancement of works and more people gaining knowledge (Clarke 2013). The number of labor force of participation is increasing due to changes in business culture and the thinking of women themselves. The differences between men and women in form of leadership styles are that men are said to be more confident than women especially while making decisions related to finance that are risky in nature. Women are said to be more emotional where the actions taken by them are often guided by emotions. Women are greater social risk takers that are mainly due to greater social uncertainty (Chaturvediet al. 2012). The profits generated by men are higher than women as the decision power making is stronger in case of men than women. Conclusion and recommendation Hence, leaders are the ones that inspire its subordinated to achieve goals and objectives set by the organization. There are several qualities that make a good leader. Leadership style is said to differ in men and women. Different leadership styles is said to have its unique advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to distinguish between leaders and management in order to ensure corporate efficiency. Leaders and managers are complementary in nature and work hand in hand. It is essential for the managers to have a good leadership style in order to achieve an efficient outcome. The main work of the leaders is to implement the plan set by the manager Chapter 3: Research Methodology Introduction Research methodology overlays the path for the researchers to decide the way the research will be carried out. This section will evaluate the type of investigation. Research methodology take into account the research questions and will follow various methods to conduct the research. According to Allison et al. (2016), research methodology helps to understand the critical areas that will help to develop the research work. The researchers must be able to use the right methods and proper process in order to have the desired outcome. The selection of correct research approach is solely up to the researchers. The researchers choose the design of the research in order to obtain correct results. The data collection method of this chapter is of major importance. The sampling method depends on the researchers as they will decide the number of participants(Hancock and Algozzine 2015). The data analysis tool must be appropriate with respect to the collected data and it must be done in a way no variation of outcome takes place. Moreover, the research must consider the ethical views so that participants can trust the researchers (Pickard 2012). In the following sub-sections, the research philosophy (or, type of investigation); research design; research approach; data collection; sampling; method of data analysis and ethical part of the project will be discussed. Research Philosophy It is important to decide the type of the data, which is suitable for the research purpose. They decide whether to belief on the facts and data, or to consider human interest and emphasizes on significances rather than hard data. There are three types of investigations available to the researchers; such asPositivism; Interpretivism and Realism (Mkansi and Acheampong 2012). Positivism takes into account the facts; data and the figures that are relevant to the study. It depends more on the statistics that are collected through survey or sampling, rather than the human emotions. This is because; the researcher wants to know the exact values to analyse the exact circumstances. The data are not influenced by any other factor; hence, the outcome of the research can be predicted by the researchers (Walliman 2015). Interpretivism considers the human emotions and personal beliefs. It takes into account the social issues and individual thought process, i.e. the way the respondents are feeling about the certain matter. Statistical measures cannot be calculated some of the human bindings that affect the actual outcome. Hence, interpretivism is important in this context. However, some researchers consider both interpretivism and positivism (Rose, Spinks and Canhoto2014). This kind of philosophy of the researchers is known as Realism. According to them, facts and data are required in order to have desired outcome; and emotions of the people and the way the human beings think is important for conducting a research. This type of investigation is suitable when researchers want to evaluate the emotional attachment of the people along with the obtained data. In this paper, the research follows philosophy of Positivism. This is because, this research will take into account the facts and figures that has been collected through sampling and it also takes into account the human emotion. The research reviews the general theories to verify their validity. Therefore, this research philosophy is positivist. Research Approach The researcher must decide up on the approach of the research. It can test some hypothesis based on given theory or can formulate new theory from the analysis of data. There are two types of research approaches; such as, Inductive and Deductive. In the deductive approach, hypothesis is formulated depending upon the existing theory. These hypotheses are tested with proper research strategy and the theory is verified, which means that it checks the validity of the theory (Bryman 2015).The hypotheses are tested based on the observation. Research objectives can be achieved through deductive approach. Deductive approach focuses on causality. It is concerned with deducting conclusions from the propositions. In contrast, the inductive approach is followed when the researcher wants to give answer to some specific questions that have been formulated during the beginning of the research process. This starts with specific observations and formulate theory at the end of the research process (Bab bie 2015). Inductive approach does not indicate disregarding of theories; it focuses on obtaining meaning from the collected information to recognize the patterns and association to build a theory. The research objective of this kind of research is formulated from the existing theories. The type of research question in this case is open-ended and type of the research cannot be understood until the study is completed (Gray 2013). Researchers have no preliminary idea about the nature of the research until the research is completed. No theory is applied at the beginning of this kind of research. The approach of this research is inductive in nature. This is because; research questions have been formulated on the beginning of the study. Based on these questions the rest of the research will be conducted. Since, the research is not testing existing theories, it is open minded. After observing and analysing data it will try to establish some theory while answering the research questions. Research Design The researchers must decide how he or she will carry forward and design the research Work. The research design can be of three types: exploratory; explanatory and descriptive research. The exploratory research does not test any hypothesis. It evaluates different kind of theories and literatures available that are relevant to the research (Brymanand Bell 2015). It tries to provide conclusive evidence, however, it does not provide the final information, rather it explores range of causes and solution to any particular problem. Moreover, this kind of research design only focuses on answering the research questions. Exploratory research is conducted where little or no research has been conducted. The research design is explanatory when it follows natural rule of the society. It identifies the cause and effect relationship. It might or might not conclude a finding at the end of research, because; the findings depend on the situation of the surrounding as the research is conducted based on the variables selected for the research (Yin 2013). The results of research may change due to the chosen factor variables. Explanatory research is conducted when the study wants to assess impacts of certain situation. Descriptive research work attempts to describe the current situation with the help of relevant data analysis. This kind of research design conduct researches based on the hypothesis. This research is exploratory in nature. The purpose of this research is to answer the research questions. In order to do so, the paper explores the relevant literatures that can assist in understanding the concepts. The paper will try to explore the possible causes of the obtained outcome and may not provide any conclusion. Data Collection The data are of two types, namely, primary data and secondary data. Primary data are those that are collected by the researchers themselves. Generally, primary data can be obtained with the help of survey; interview or questionnaire. This kind of data is not published before. Primary data is collected through sampling. The secondary data are those data, which are already used or have been found in the other researches. It can be collected from different journal articles; websites; books; newspaper etc. (Panneerselvam 2014).A research can be based entirely on the secondary data. It is collected for critically analysis and answering the research questions. However, theoretical information can also be considered as secondary data for a research work. This is analysed in depth in the literature review. The secondary data must be selected on the basis of validity and reliability to get an authentic outcome of the research. The previously used data, i.e. the secondary data can be scrutiniz ed in order to check validity of previous findings (Marshall and Rossman 2014). In order to get the outcome regarding the leadership preferences, this research has conducted primary data collection. Primary data has been collected through survey method. Questionnaire will be distributed among the sample group. Based on the information provided in this survey, the research has been conducted. Moreover, since the research is exploratory in nature, it is important to collect information from the different journal articles or books. Therefore, secondary information is also used. Research Method It is important to decide the method of the research, based on which the entire research will be conducted. There are two types of data that can be used while doing a research work. Data can be of quantitative and qualitative in nature (Creswell 2013). Quantitative research method includes numerical data. The information collected are in the form of numbers. These data are then mathematically analysed and the research involves statistical analysis. Here, different variables are critically analysed. In contrast, the qualitative research method does not incorporate any numerical values and thus the data are discrete in nature (Silverman 2016). In this kind of research method individual measures are developed in order to analyse the primary data or any secondary information. The primary data can also be quantity or qualitative in nature. A research can take into account both quantitative and qualitative data together. This research will conduct quantitative analysis from the extracted data. However, the collected answers through the questionnaire are not in numerical values. The responses have been scaled between 1 to 5 to transform it into quantitative data.This paper also considers demographic data like gender and age. Outline of data analysis Analysing the data is the major part of a research. Be it primary or secondary or qualitative or quantitative, the data must be analysed properly. Quantitative data are analysed with the help of statistical tools. The qualitative data can also be analysed through theoretical knowledge and interpret an inference by analysing the surroundings. Moreover, qualitative data such as gender etc. can be transformed into quantitative data by assigning them as dummy variables. This helps to make the outcome of qualitative data more authentic with mathematical support. The qualitative data are generally obtained through interview; observations; case studies etc.The most common statistical tool, to identify the relationship between the variables, is regression and correlation analysis. The data are also analysed by finding the mean; median and mode. Hypothesis can be tested by checking the significance level. The qualitative data often used to support the findings from the quantitative data. The qualitative data can be analysed through SWOT; PESTLE etc. (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). In this research, the collected information will be analysed with the help of statistical tools. It will focus on answering the research questions and will adopt proper statistical measures to obtain the results. Data analysis The collected data from the survey had undergone various statistical operations to analyse the data and find the solution of the research questions. The analysis showed that there were 63 male leaders and 37 female leaders in the survey. It was also seen that the age group of most of the leaders were between 56- 65 years old. 29 leaders were of the age group 46 55 years of age and 18 leaders were above 65 years of age. This can be interpreted that the leaders are quite experienced in their work due to their age. They can use this experience for the betterment of their company and leading the employees in the right path. The analysis shows that as a leader, 37 leaders agreed, An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative. 33 leaders highly agreed to this fact and 12 leaders were neutral in their consent to this fact. 13 leaders disagreed to the fact that An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative while 5 of them highly disagreed to it. This shows that the leaders preferred that their employees must be allowed to exhibit initiative so that the employees get motivated to do their work. The result also shows that the 38 leaders highly agreed and agreed to the fact that An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things. 19 of them were neutral in their views while two leaders disagreed to this fact. Three leaders highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders want their employees to have the power to do handle their work. The leaders do not want to interfere in the work of the employees and they have high expectation from their employees. The leaders wish to provide full support to their employees so that they can use innovative and better approach to do their work. The analysis showed that three leader highly agreed to the fact that they get impatient when their team members struggle with their work. Seven leaders agreed to this fact while 24 of them were neutral in their approach. 41 leaders disagreed to the fact they get impatient when their team members struggle with their work while 25 leaders highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the leaders have high leadership qualities. This is because most of the leaders do not get impatient when their team members are in trouble. It could be seen that leaders provide complete support to their employees so that they can complete their work efficiently. The leaders are found to be cool minded people who do not get impatient when they find their team members struggling with their work. It can be interpreted that the leaders provide every support to their employees when they struggle with their work. This helps them to grow as a team by building a better relationship with the employees. It was found that 37 leaders disagreed to the fact that their perspectives and convictions are less important than those of their team are while 22 leaders highly disagreed to this fact. 20 leaders remained neutral to this fact, 15 leaders agreed to this fact while six leaders highly agreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a dictatorship attitude towards their employees, as most of the leaders believe that their perspective and convictions are more important than their team members are. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a strong attitude and influence with the higher authorities and they have innovative and approach towards their work. It can also be interpreted that the leaders do not believe in the perspective and convictions of their team members as they lead their team in a better way on giving importance to their own perspectives and convictions. On analysing the variable, If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it, it was seen that 35 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 47 of them agreed to this fact while 15 of them remained neutral to it. Two leaders were found to disagree to the fact while one of them highly disagreed to the fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders were always ready to help their employees and they personally take up the task of their employees when the employees fall behind with an undertaking. This can be interpreted that the leaders take good care of their employees and they do not let the employees fall into trouble. The analysis of the variable, On the one off chance that my team commits an error this would not put me off have showed that 33 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 41 of them agreed to it, 12 leaders were neutral to this fact and 10 leaders disagreed to the fact. 4 of them highly disagreed to the fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a soft corner for their employees. They do not get angry and when their team commits error. Instead, they try to help the team members and help them to solve their problems. On analysing the variable , I find advice from peers difficult to accept, it was seen that 7 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 12 leaders agreed to it, 24 were neutral in their views, 35 disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders welcome the advice from their peers for the betterment of their team members and their team. They do not find it difficult to accept the advice from their peers. On analysing the variables of the employees it was seen that the age of most of the employees were between 18 to 25 years and 26 to 35 years. The employees were found to be a young bunch of people who have innovative ideas and creative approach to their work. It was seen that there were 52 male employees and 48 females employees surveyed for the research. The analysis showed that 46 employees highly agreed to the fact that they prefer to be allowed to exhibit initiative, 37 of them highly agreed to it while 7 of them remained neutral. 6 employees disagreed to it and 4 of them highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the employees are highly dedicated to their work and they prefer to work efficiently by taking initiatives for their work. 34 employees highly agreed to find a better approach while doing things, 33 employees agreed to this fact, 15 of them remained neutral, 12 of them disagreed while 6 of them highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the employees have the ability to find better approaches than their present approach of their work. The analysis also showed that the employees were not okay if their leaders get impatient when they are struggling with their work. It can be seen that 36 employees disagreed to this fact while 27 of them remained neutral and 19 of them agreed to it. The employees gave diplomatic reply regarding My perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my leader(s). Most of the employees were neutral about this variable, though 25 of them agreed to it and 15 of them disagreed to it. In addition, it was seen that 47 employees agreed to the fact that they want their leaders to take the work from them when they fall behind with an undertaking. 21 of them highly agreed to this fact while 18 remained neutral. It can be interpreted that the employees trust their leaders blindly and they look up to them as a role model. They believe that their leaders would solve every problem they will face in their work. 26 employees highly agreed that they want their leader to give them obligation letter when they commit any error. 43 of agreed to this fact while 16 of them remained neutral. 7 of them disagreed to it while 8 of them highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the employees feel guilty when they commit error for their work. In addition to it, 21 employees agreed that they find it difficult to accept the experts advice while eight of them highly agreed to this fact. 23 of them remained neutral about it, 36 of them disagreed to this fact while 12 of them highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the employees prefer to have experts advice and this helps them to perform their work in a better way. gender age group An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things get impatient when a member of my team is struggling with a task my perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my team If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it from them and complete it myself On the one off chance that my team commits an error this would not put me off giving them obligation later on I find advice from peers difficult to accept 1 63 0 33 38 3 6 35 33 7 2 37 2 37 38 7 15 47 41 12 3 12 12 19 24 20 15 12 24 4 29 13 2 41 37 2 10 35 5 39 5 3 25 22 1 4 22 6 18 0 0 Table 1: frequency table of the opinion of leaders (Source: created by author) age gender I prefer been allowed to exhibit initiative I should be able find better approaches to doing things It is okay for my leader to get impatient when I am struggling with a task My perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my leader(s) If I fall behind with an undertaking, I would rather my leader takes it from me to complete it. If my I commit an error, I would not want my leader to give me an obligation later on I find experts advice difficult to accept 1 36 52 46 34 4 7 21 26 8 2 34 48 37 33 19 25 47 43 21 3 16 7 15 27 39 18 16 23 4 7 6 12 36 15 10 7 36 5 6 4 6 14 14 4 8 12 Table 2: frequency of opinions of employees (Source: created by author) According to the viewpoint of the leaders, it was seen that the average view of the leaders in context of allowing the employees to exhibit their initiative is agreed. The value of standard deviation is 1.18, which depicts that there is not much deviation among the views of the leaders. They want their employees to exhibit their initiatives. The average view of the leaders in context of If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it from them and complete it myself, was agreed. The value of standard deviation was 0.81, which is not a large value. It can be seen that the leaders are helpful to their employees and they do not let them down at any instant. In context of An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things, the mean value was found to be 1.94 and the standard deviation was found to be 0.96. This shows that the leaders want their employees to find a better approach and the value of standard deviation is not high. This also depicts that most of the leaders agreed to this fact. The mean of the variable I find advice from peers difficult to accept was found to be 3.63 and the standard deviation is 1.17. This suggests that the preferred view of most of the leaders is neutral against this variable. The deviations of the views across the leaders are not high as the value of standard deviation is low. Thus, the leaders are open to accepting the advices from their peers for the betterment of their teams. The analysis of the variable get impatient when a member of my team is struggling with a task shows that the mean of the variable is 3.78 and the standard deviation is 1.00. It can be interpreted that most of the leaders disagree that they get impatient when their employees struggle with the work. The standard deviation is not high and most of the leaders agree to this fact. Ethical Consideration Expertise and diligence is not the only thing that are required while conducting a research. A research also requires honesty and integrity. Ethical consideration is so important that, missing of this part can doomed the entire dissertation (Robson and McCartan 2016). The participants must be informed regarding the research and its purpose. They are allowed to decide whether to participate or not. Information should be collected with voluntary consent of the participants. The subject or the participants must not be harmed in anyways. The potential risks or costs (if any) must be informed to them before the procedure of research. The researcher must assure that the anonymity and confidentiality are maintained. The research must ensure full privacy of the participants (Creswell 2013). The response of the respondents must be kept confidential. The collected information should be utilised only to interpret the results of this research. The dignity of the participants must be respected. T he communication should be transparent. The information must be collected in an unbiased way. Moreover, the collected data must not be manipulated. The researchers must mention the source of funding and should mention if there is any conflict of interest to conduct the research on selected topic. The use of secondary information or any kind of use of theory must be referenced properly to assure the reliability and validity. The paper will maintain the confidentiality of data that has been collected through questionnaire. To maintain anonymity, the questionnaire will not ask for any unique identity of the respondents. The response will not be disclosed and will be used for the research purpose only. The research has properly sourced its secondary information in the literature review section. Table 1: Gantt chart Activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th+5th week 6th week 7th week Topic Selection Review of Literature Research Methodology Primary Data collection Findings Analysis of data and interpretation Conclusion Final work and submission Table 1: Gantt chart of the survey (Source: created by author) Conclusion The research has some limitations because the response of the participants are quantitative in nature, it might vary depending on their current state of mind. It might not be unbiased. The non-numerical response may not reflect the exact scenario. However, scaling the responses is a good attempt to assure the reliability of the outcome. Moreover, there are many literatures on management and leadership. But very few studies have discussed whether it is important to distinguish leadership from management. From the analysis of the collected data, it can be seen that the leaders give importance to the employees and they take care of their employees largely. It was seen that the leaders have full faith on the employees and they want their employees to take initiatives to find better approaches for their work. It was also seen that the leaders do not get impatient when their team members do something wrong. Instead, they help their employees to overcome the difficulties. However, the perspective and convictions of the leaders were important for the teams. They do not find the perspective and convictions of their employees important over theirs. It was also seen that if any team members fall behind with any undertaking, the leaders help them with their tasks and complete it themselves. It was also seen that the leaders do not prefer to put them on obligations if the team members commits any error. The leaders do not find the advices from their peers difficult to accept. The leaders always welcome any advices from their peers for the development of their teams. The employees also prefer to exhibit initiatives and they want to find better approach for in their work. This shows that the leaders also support the decision of their employees and they allow the employees to find better approach in their work. The employees trust their leaders and they allow them complete their work when they are in trouble. This depicts that the leadership of the leaders are strong enough to gain the trust and loyalty of the employees. The analysis of the data based on the gender shows that there is no difference between various dimensions of leadership. Both male and female leader of the survey depicts same features in context of their leadership. It was also seen that their attitudes towards their employees are similar for both the male and female leaders. Recommendations On analysing and interpreting the collected data, it was seen that the employees trust their leaders and have complete faith in them. The leaders in turn allow their employees to take initiative and use better approach in their work. It was also seen that the leaders personally complete the work of their employees when they are in trouble. However, this attitude of the leaders is not preferable. This is because on completing the tasks personally by the leaders do not let the employees eradicate their shortcomings. The leaders could provide training to their employees and make them learn the shortcomings. This would help the employees to learn and they would not face any problem in near future. It is also recommended that the leaders must reward the employees on performing better job and using innovative techniques for their work. 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